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Ha Giang province is located in the northernmost part of Vietnam. It borders with China to the north, with Tuyen Quang province to the south, Cao Bang province to the east, and Lao Cai and Yen Bai provinces to the west. The main town is Ha Giang and its nine districts are Quang Ba, Yen Minh, Dong Van, Meo Vac, Bac Me, Vi Xuyen, Bac Quang, Hoang Su Phi and Xin Man.

There are 22 ethnic minorities in Ha Giang province. The five major groups are the H'mong (30.75%), Tay (24.94%), Dao (15.16%), Kinh (12.13%) and Nung (9.69%). More than 88% of the population lives in rural areas and its population growth rate was 1.81% in 2002. Its annual per capital income was VND 2.14 million in 2002 (compared with VND 1.7 million in 2000). In 2002, about 48% of the provincial revenue was generated by agriculture, forestry and fishery, 21.28% came from industry and construction and 30.66% came from services. The provincial revenue mainly comes from the national government, local contributions counted for only 18% of its total budget of VND 953 billion. One hundred and forty-two of Ha Giang's 191 communes were on the list of 1,870 most impoverished communes in Vietnam.